Title Prehrana bolesnika na dijalizi Author Brankica Vitez Mentor Natalija Uršulin-Trstenjak (mentor)Committee member Melita Sajko (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Natalija Uršulin-Trstenjak (član povjerenstva)Committee member Marijana Neuberg (član povjerenstva)Granter University North Defense date and country 2016-09-15, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Pravilna i uravnotežena prehrana ima posebno veliku i značajnu ulogu kod bolesnika s
kroničnim bubrežnim zatajenjem (KBZ). Kronično zatajenje bubrega je dugotrajno,
progresivno slabljenje bubrežne funkcije koja dovodi do porasta i nakupljanja metaboličkih
produkata u organizmu bolesnika . Kod bolesnika s kroničnim bubrežnim zatajenjem provodi
se metoda nadomještanja bubrežne funkcije dijalizom, peritonejskom dijalizom i
transplantacijom bubrega. Dijaliza je medicinski postupak koji se provodi kod bolesnika kojima
je funkcija bubrega privremeno ili trajno zakazala, pa se tim postupkom iz krvi uklanjaju
otpadne tvari kao što su ureja, kalij, kreatinin i suvišna tekućina koju bolesni bubrezi ne mogu
otkloniti iz organizma, pa je potreban postupak dijalize kod bolesnika. Prehranu bubrežnih
bolesnika treba prilagoditi osnovnoj bubrežnoj bolesti, stupnju oštećenja bubrežne funkcije,
poremećajima vode, elektrolita, krvnog tlaka, visini i tjelesnoj težini, mišićnoj masi, dobi i spolu
bolesnika. Kod bolesnika s kroničnim bubrežnim zatajenjem vrlo je važna procjena i praćenje
statusa uhranjenosti, a one su ključne sastavnice optimalnog liječenja bubrežnog bolesnika.
Proteinsko - energijska pothranjenost važan je pokazatelj lošeg ishoda liječenja bolesnika na
hemodijalizi. Čimbenici koji je uzrokuju povezani su sa metaboličkim poremećajima koji
nastaju uslijed slabljenja funkcije bubrega. Procjena stanja uhranjenosti provodi se metodama
od jednostavnih mjerenja do sveobuhvatnih obrazaca koji uključuju antropometrijske,
biokemijske i subjektivne metode procjene statusa uhranjenosti bolesnika. Prehrana bubrežnih
bolesnika smatra se jednom od najzahtjevnijih prehrana zbog kojih postoji kod bolesnika
ograničenje u unosu nutritivnih tvari i tekućine, a to je za bolesnike na dijalizi nekad jako teško
prihvatljivo, jer se njihove životne navike odjednom mijenjaju. Liječenje tih bolesnika je vrlo
složeno i potrebna je stalna suradnja medicinskih sestara, liječnika i bolesnika. Dobrom
edukacijom i suradljivošću bolesnika i njihovih obitelji možemo postići dobre rezultate kod
bolesnika i olakšati im boravak na dijalizi.
Abstract (english) Proper and balanced nutrition has a particularly large and important role in patients with chronic
renal failure (CKF). Chronic kidney failure is a long-term, progressive weakening of kidney
function, which leads to the increasing leves in the accumulation of metabolic products in the
body of patients. In patients with chronic renal failure implemented methods are dialysis,
peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. Dialysis is a medical procedure that is performed
in patients whose renal function is temporarily or permanently mark,. This method include
removing of blood waste products such as urea, potassium, creatinine and excess liquid which
sick kidneys can not eliminate from the body. Nutrition of patients with kidney disorders need
to be adjusted to the degree of primary renal disease, renal impairment, disorders of water,
electrolyte, blood pressure, height and weight, muscle mass, age and gender of patients. In
patients with chronic renal failure, very important is assessment and monitoring of nutritional
status, and they are the key components of optimal treatment of patients with kidney disorders.
Protein - energy malnutrition is an important indicator of poor treatment of patients on
hemodialysis. Factors that cause disorders are associated with metabolic disorders which are
results of the impairment of renal function. The assessment of nutritional status is implemented
methods from simple measurements to comprehensive forms include anthropometric,
biochemical and subjective assessment methods nutritional status of patients. Nutrition of
patients with kidney disorders is considered one of the most demanding diets in which is a
patient limited with the entry of nutritional substances, liquids and it is sometimes very hard to
accept, because of immediately and necessary change of patients habits. Treatment of these
patients is very complex and it requires constant cooperation of nurses, doctors and patients.
Good education and cooperation of patients and their families can achieve good results on
patients health and it can also improve their treatment on dialysis.
Keywords
kronično bubrežno zatajenje i dijaliza
prehrana bolesnika
proteinsko energijska pothranjenost
procjena statusa uhranjenosti
zdravstvena njega bolesnika na dijalizi
Keywords (english)
chronic renal failure and dialysis
nutrition patients
protein energy malnutrition
assessment of nutritional status
health care of patients on dialysis
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:404826 Study programme Title: Nursing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Repository University North Digital Repository Created on 2016-11-14 12:27:32
