| Abstract | Teritorij današnje Republike Hrvatske često se kroz prošlost nalazio pod vlašću drugih država, od kojih neke danas više ni ne postoje. Prvi svjetski rat i mirovni sporazumi nakon rata, doveli su dio današnjeg teritorija Republke Hrvatske pod talijansku upravu. Tako je Rapalskim ugovor Italija došla u posjed Istre (osim Kastva), Cresa, Lošinja, Lastova, Palagruže i Zadra. Zadar je tako postao talijanska enklava na štetu Kraljevine Jugoslavije koja je izgubila par strateških mjesta na obali Jadrana. Nedugo nakon pripojenja Zadra, Talijani su uvidjeli dva problema. Jedan od njih je bio financijski, jer je Zadar bio ekonomsko i gravitacijsko središte šire okolice, a drugi je bio nepovoljan vojno-geografski položaj zbog Ravnih kotara u zaobalju. Uvidjeli su mogućnost napada iz unutrašnjosti i odlučili su izgraditi bunkere kako bi zaštitili Zadar. U godinama između dva svjetska rata izgrađeno je dvjestotinjak bunkera, različitih tipova, koji nisu pokrivali granicu zbog dobre preglednosti, nego su povučeni u unutrašnjost. Bunkeri nisu imali veliku ulogu u nadolazećem Drugom svjetskom ratu, jer praktički rat nije nikad ni stigao do Zadra. Tek dolaskom Nijemaca u Zadar, bunkeri su korišteni samo za izviđanje i čuvanje položaja. Nakon završetka Drugog svjetskog rata, bunkeri su zaboravljeni. Tek pred Domovinski rat kreće se u njihovo čišćenje, jer se predstavljali važne točke otpora u obrani Zadra. Nakon rata neki od njih su pripali Gradu, neki državi, a gotovo trećina je danas u privatnom vlasništvu. Danas se na bunkere gleda dvojako. Dok se turistička zajednica Grada Zadra u suradnji s inozemnim investitorima zalaže za turističku promidžbu i stvaranje nove turističke ponude, braniteljske udruge smatraju da se svi bunkeri trebaju uništiti, eventualno ostaviti nekoliko njih, jer predstavljaju simbole fašizma. |
| Abstract (english) | The territory of the present-day Republic of Croatia has often been under the control of other countries, some of which do not exist today. The First World War and the post-war peace agreements brought some of the present-day territory of the Republic of Croatia under Italian rule. Thus, with the Rapallo Treaty Italy came into possession of Istria (except Kastav), Cres, Lošinj, Lastovo, Palagruža and Zadar. So, Zadar became an Italian enclave to the detriment of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which lost some strategic positions on the Adriatic coast.Shortly after the annexation of Zadar, the Italians saw two problems, one was financial, because Zadar was the economic and gravitational center of the wider area, and the other was a disadvantageous military-geographical position due to the Ravni kotari district in hinterland. They saw the possibility of an attack from the inside and decided to build bunkers to protect Zadar. In the years between the two World wars, two hundred bunkers, of various types, were built. They did not cover the border because of good visibility, than were pulled inland. Bunkers did not play a major role in the coming World War II, because practically the war never reached Zadar. Only with the arrival of the Germans in Zadar, bunkers were only used for reconnaissance and guarding positions. After World War II ended, the bunkers were forgotten. Before Homeland War they were cleaned, as important points of resistance in the defense of Zadar. After the war, some of them belonged to the City, some to the State, and almost a third are privately owned today. There are two ways of looking at bunkers today. While the Zadar Tourist Board, in cooperation with foreign investors, is committed to promoting tourism and creating a new tourist offer, veterans associations believe that all bunkers should be destroyed, possibly leaving a few, as they represent symbols of fascism. |
