The topic of this work is a systematic review of studies and methods for source determination, hazard prediction and optimal control in response to nuclear disasters and potential nuclear accidents. At the very beginning are presented nuclear power plants in the Republic of Croatia and neighboring countries, as well as safety, which includes management and employee education, equipment control, protective measures, forecasting and control. The nuclear accident in Fukushima was chosen as a theoretical case study. The presentation of the case will discuss the communication protocol and shortcomings that occurred at the time and recommendations from professional organizations will be made on how to properly communicate in the event of an accident. The development of prediction models and the possibilities of controlling nuclear accidents are the focus of modern facilities and will be discussed in more detail in the continuation of this work.