Nowadays people are increasingly investigating renewable energy sources. Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources. One of the most important advantages of biomass compared to fossil fuels is the conservation of nature and the environment. Agricultural residues and residues from the processing industry have great potential in energy production and value added products. This classification also includes grain residues, in this case wheat and corn. The aim of this paper was to determine the potential of maize and wheat residues for the production of biomass and biofuel by the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is one of the ways of converting such residues into energy. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that is performed without the presence of oxygen based on which three different final products - bio, biomass and synthetic gas - can be obtained.