The entire nervous system develops from common neural stem cells (NSCs) that line the neural tube during the first weeks of embryonic development. NSCs are self-renewing, multipotent cells that generate neural progenitor cells by asymmetric division, and which, through a limited number of divisions, differentiate into specialized cells of the nervous system: neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Although most neurons are generated before birth, it has been shown that under the influence of appropriate stimuli, in adult mammals and humans, neurogenesis continues throughout life in limited regions of the brain; the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Generation of neurons from NSCs encompasses successive stages of progenitor expansion, differentiation, maturation, and integration of new-born neurons into functional neural circuits. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in the regulation of neurogenesis, forming a complex network of signalling pathways. It seems that epigenetic modifications and their cooperation play an integral role in the precise control of gene expression, which is crucial for the proper acquisition of neural fate. This review will comprehensively summarize the hitherto known roles of epigenetic modifications, in particular DNA modifications, histone modifications and non-coding RNA molecules, in regulating both embryonic and adult neurogenesis in the vertebrate CNS, as well as their mutual mechanisms of cooperation. Further elucidation of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the process of neurogenesis could lead to the development of novel therapies needed for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.