The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the differences between men and women in the perceived fairness of wages in European countries. Along with a review of relevant literature and available statistics on the position of women in the labor market in European countries, an empirical analysis was conducted based on data from the European Social Survey in 2018. It was examined whether there are differences between men and women in the perceived fairness of wages, i.e. the occurrence of the paradox of the content female worker in European countries. The paradox of the content female worker occurs when women, although they earn less than men on average, consider their wages fair to a greater extent than men. On the economic side, the analysis assessed the effect of the level of wages and other, according to the literature, important economic variables (such as education, occupation and working hours) on the perceived fairness of wages. On the demographic side, it was examined whether the effect of gender on perceived fairness of wages depends on marital status, as suggested by existing research. The results of the analysis showed that there is no paradox of the content female worker in the observed European countries. On average, women perceive their wages as unfairly low, and to a greater extent than men. Perceived fairness of wages, in addition to gender, depends on age, education, occupation, salary and working hours. The results of the analysis also suggest that income explains part of the difference between men and women in perceived fairness of wages. Women earn less on average, so they perceive their wages as more unfair. As for the role of marital status, contrary to expectations, no significant interaction with gender was found.