Theta waves, depending on the cerebral area where they appear, can be divided into cortical and hypoampthal theta waves, and their difference is not only in frequency but also in the role they have. Most available information on human hippocampal theta activity comes from several small studies conducted with participants suffering from epileptic seizures with intracranial-built electrodes used as part of the treatment. Although Stewart and Fox (1991) described a clear 7-9 Hz theta rhythm within the hippocampus, in the largest and most systematic studies, Cantero et al. (2003) found that oscillations in the frequency range of 4-7 Hz can be recorded in the hippocampus and neocortex, although some authors emphasize that these two theta activities are virtually unrelated. Cortical theta waves indicate a frequency of 4 to 7 Hz. They are particularly important within creative therapeutic and psychotherapeutic processes because they occur in moments when the subconscious is activated and when all the suppressed content is received. In this psychological and physical state, all of the subjects sensations are withdrawn from the outside world and focused on internal signals. Also, theta waves are associated with the state of deep meditation and regeneration of the organism. Many scientists dealing with meditation and neurological research behind it have discovered a great association of brain waves with certain states of consciousness that are used to influence different states of physical and mental health. Within the Educational and Rehabilitation profession, knowledge of brain waves gives an insight into biology behind a certain behavior, a person's need or feeling and thus provides a better understanding of the therapeutic process. The aim of this review is to present the knowledge of neuroscience in the field of brainwave research and the application of these findings in various interdisciplinary contexts.