Parental burnout is a state of intense exhaustion associated with one’s parental role, in which a person becomes emotionally distant from their children and has a sense of parental inefficacy. Despite its negative consequences for parents, children and family, parental burnout has only recently become the focus of scientific research. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which parental characteristics, child characteristics, and contextual sources of stress and support contribute to explaining parental burnout of mothers of underage children during the coronavirus pandemic and earthquakes. The study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire with 239 mothers of underage children. Hierarchical regression analyses results suggested that older mothers, with lower perceived socioeconomic status, who have more children, who score lower on agreeableness, and who report lower perceived social support from partners, family and friends experience higher parental burnout. The four dimensions of parental burnout (exhaustion, emotional distancing, contrast with previous parental self, and feelings of being fed up with one’s parental role) had different predictors, and the only common predictor of higher score across all four dimensions was lower social support. Pandemic and earthquake related variables did not significantly contribute to the prediction of parental burnout beyond the characteristics of mothers and children. However, the results showed that the level of maternal parental burnout during crises caused by the pandemic and earthquakes was significantly higher than the level of parental burnout reported by a different group of mothers before the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. The results of this study can be applied in assessment of needs for psychological interventions and prevention programs for mothers at high risk for parental burnout.