Liver transplantation is an important treatment method for various malignant liver diseases. While the majority of transplants for malignancies are performed due to hepatocellular carcinoma, the indications for transplantation are continually expanding. Today, transplantation is also used for certain forms of cholangiocarcinoma, hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, as well as for isolated liver metastases from colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Transplant oncology is a field that integrates numerous branches of medicine, significantly benefiting from advancements in surgical techniques, the expansion of donor selection, optimization of recipient selection criteria, the formation of multinational associations aimed at improving transplant accessibility, the application of new immunosuppressive protocols, a better understanding of tumor biology, and many other medical achievements. Hepatocellular carcinoma is often associated with liver cirrhosis. Liver transplantation is a key treatment option for unresectable HCC. The publication of the Milan criteria marked a turning point in candidate selection. These criteria were expanded with the creation of the UCSF criteria, and today various newer systems are also used, such as MT2, French AFP, or UPTS, which consider tumor biology. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma is used selectively due to the high risk of recurrence, but it can be successful in carefully selected cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare liver tumor where transplantation often offers good long-term outcomes. Neuroendocrine liver metastases can be treated with transplantation in the case of well-differentiated tumors without extrahepatic metastases, while liver transplantation for colorectal metastases has shown improved outcomes in recent studies, but it is not yet standard practice. Croatia has distinguished itself as a country with a high rate of liver transplants, especially in the context of malignant diseases.