Cardiomyocytes – heart muscle cells, are the principal cell type of cardiac muscle layer and are responsible for its contractility. Even though they were considered to be terminally differentiated cells for a very long time, it is now known that even the adult heart is capable of renewing a limited amount of cardiomyocytes; whether this is the result of the proliferation of existing cardiomyocytes or differentiation of some other cells is still incompletely understood. In either case, in vivo renewal of cardiomyocytes is thought to be insufficient to allow for tissue regeneration and to sustain adequate cardiac function following substantial damage, such as myocardial infarction. This is one of the primary reasons for cardiovascular diseases being the major cause of mortality in most industrialized countries. Consequently, great efforts have been made recently in developing methods of in vitro differentiation of cardiomyocytes from stem cells, which would, among other things, open doors to regenerative biology use in clinical medicine and significantly improve therapeutic outcome for many patients. This thesis paper shall focus on some of the currently available methods of in vitro differentiation of cardiomyocytes, such as embryoid body formation, monolayer in vitro cultures and inductive co-cultures with visceral endoderm-like cells, as well as advantages and setbacks of each method, and limitations that still need to be surpassed before its full potential is reached. Additionally, efficiencies of differentiation from various types of pluripotent cells, such as embryonal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells shall be compared. Lastly, the aim of this thesis paper is to list the recent breakthroughs, mention future challenges and emphasize the importance of further research, seeing as it has the ability to fundamentally change the means of treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.