Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the knowledge and attitudes of physicians and pharmacists about antimicrobial resistance. Subjects and methods: 127 primary care physicians, pediatricians and pharmacists employed in the Split-Dalmatia County were included in this cross-sectional survey. A survey questionnaire consisting of two main sections was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes of physicians and pharmacists about antimicrobial resistance. The survey was conducted anonymously, and respondents voluntarily agreed to complete the survey. Results: Physicians and pharmacists did not differ significantly in their knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (3.82 ± 0.89 vs 3.65 ± 1.07; P = 0.136). Also, primary care physicians and pediatricians did not differ significantly in the average sum of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance (3.79 ± 0.88 vs 3.84 ± 0.90; P = 0.960). Physicians felt they were significantly more ready to find reliable sources of information to treat infections and to describe the exact spectrum of different antimicrobial drugs than pharmacists. Pharmacists were significantly more likely to consider shorter use of antibiotics than recommended, overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry and empirical use of antibiotics as markedly or moderately important potential causes of resistance than physicians. As a source of information regarding antimicrobial therapy and resistance, pharmacists most often used a summary of product characteristics, while physicians most often used official guidelines. Physicians were significantly more likely to use textbooks or teaching materials and smartphone applications as sources of information than pharmacists. Although pharmacists and physicians agree that patients and primary care physicians have the greatest contribution to antimicrobial resistance, physicians were significantly more likely to believe that specialists had the greatest contribution to antimicrobial resistance compared to pharmacists. Primary care physicians most often considered patients as the greatest contributors to antimicrobial resistance, while pediatricians most often considered primary care physicians as the greatest contributors. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that physicians and pharmacists do not differ significantly in the average sum of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance, but differed in some attitudes regarding potential causes of resistance, sources of information on antimicrobial therapy and resistance and the greatest contributors to antimicrobial resistance. Primary care physicians and pediatricians also did not differ significantly in the average sum of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance.