Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a virus that often affects men and women around the world, 50-80% of the sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives. HPV is a stable, DNA-based virus composed of viral capsid proteins that are recognised by the host immune system. The HPV viral capsid is composed of 72 capsomers, each capsomer is composed of five pentamers and each pentamer consists of 5 triangular proteins. The largest burden of disease is associated with cervical cancer. In addition to cervical cancer, infection with oncogenic HPV types has been identified as a necessary cause of a variety of other cancers. Low-risk HPV types produce warts whereas the oncogenic HPV types cause precancerous lesions. Of the oncogenic types, HPV 16, 18, 45 and 31 are the 4 most common worldwide, accounting for approximately 80% of cervical cancers. Every year around the world recorded approximately 530 000 new cases of cervical cancer. It is mostly a disease of young women, and the incidence is highest between the ages of 35 and 55 years. The population of women between 25 and 44 years, cervical cancer is the incidence in second place, just behind breast cancer. Persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. Sexual activity is one of the main risk factors for HPV infection. Potential cofactors (such as cigarette smoking, parity and long-term oral contraceptive use) may contribute to the progression of oncogenic HPV infection to cervical cancer. Primary prevention (e.g. vaccination) focuses on preventing oncogenic HPV infection, whereas secondary prevention (e.g. Pap smear testing, colposcopy) detects and treats cervical abnormalities and aims to prevent disease progression. Cervical cancer can be treated in different ways, but the three basic types of treatment are surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The Pap test is the most common screening method used to detect cellular changes in the cervix. In Croatia, cervical cancer is certainly one of most prevalence types of cancer and each year are affected more than 300 women a year and killed 100 of them. Current, there are three licensed HPV vaccines: Bivalent vaccine (Cervarix, GSK Biologicals), a quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil MSD) and 9-valent vaccine (Gardasil 9 MSD). Although is better vaccinated before the start of sexual activity or as early as possible at the beginning of sexual life, vaccination is also recommended for those who are sexually active. The total annual cost of treatment, screening and diagnosis of diseases caused by HPV amounts 50,513,880.98 kn.