This text deals with the fundamental aspects of the philosophy of dialogue of Martin Buber. The main characteristics of a dialogue, a relationship, an encounter, as presented by Buber through I-Thou and I-It attitudes are illustrated. The qualities and the consequences of attitudes towards other human beings, the living and the non-living nature, cultural and spiritual entities and towards God are described. The genesis and the development of a particular type of attitude in the process of growing of a small child are depicted. The difference between the order and the organization of the world and the environment is presented, as well as the difference between the actual and the real life, and between the orientation and realization of the world and life. In addition, the educational approach based on the philosophy of dialogue is given. The asymmetrical nature of the educational relationship is also highlighted and the role of the educator who must look at this relationship through the prism of the child is described, as well as the importance of the educator’s personal and professional qualities. The author also highlights the importance of developing personal and social responsibility by educating for creativity and togetherness. The author emphasizes that the philosophy of dialogue contains some very close links with the waldorf pedagogy: development of spirituality, moral and ethical education, direct experience of the nature and the attitude towards the fulfilment of the needs of daily life and the specificity of modalities of the development of social competences. Special attention is paid to getting to know the phenomena of the world and of the man by educating through art and at the same time insisting on indirect learning without any analytical or rational approach, ultimately leading to the creation of the conditions for self-education.