Traumatic brain injuries, which are called „a silent epidemic“ are a growing public health problem and they are the main reason for death and disability. Their leading cause among young people are car accidents and falls among the elderly. A subdural hematoma is a type of bleeding which occurs between the dura mater and the pia mater. It happens after a heavy blow to the head which results in the tearing of bridging veins as a consequence of the brain movement or in the surface injuries of the brain parenchyma. Based on the time of their occurrence subdural hematomas can be acute, subacute and chronic. An acute subdural hematoma usually requires an emergency surgery. A chronic subdural hematoma usually occurs within 21 days after the head trauma and it mostly affects the elderly. Symptoms can vary from mild, such as headaches and nausea, to severe disorders of consciousness including a deep coma. A CT scan is used to make a diagnosis. In order to evaluate the state of consciousness the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used and nurses have to constantly assess patient`s vital and neurological signs. The medical treatment of a subdural hematoma can be conservative or surgical. Patient care requires an individual, holistic approach as well as a quick reaction in an emergency situation. The role of a nurse is to provide patients with comprehensive care, to take a patient history, to psychologically and physically prepare patients for an operation as well as to make postoperative plans and to implement health care.